Which form of Buddhism emphasized salvationist aspects and was popular among the masses in East Asia?

• A. Theravada
• B. Zen Buddhism
• C. Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism
• D. Vajrayana

Answer: (C)

Salvation for the masses in East Asia comes from Mahayana, especially its Pure Land branch. Mahayana broadened Buddhism beyond the monk’s path, offering universal salvation through faith and devotion accessible to laypeople. Pure Land Buddhism centers on Amitabha Buddha and the belief that, through reciting his name and placing trust in him, one can be reborn in a favorable Pure Land where enlightenment is easier to achieve. This easy, devotion-based path attracted large numbers of common people across East Asia, making it the most popular form among the broader population. By contrast, Theravada emphasizes individual enlightenment through monastic discipline, Zen focuses on meditation and insight, and Vajrayana involves esoteric rituals, paths that were less oriented toward mass salvation.