Which dynasty succeeded the Umayyads in 750?

• A. Abbasids
• B. Umayyads
• C. Fatimids
• D. Ayyubids

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is a dynastic shift in political leadership after the Umayyad Caliphate. In 750, power moved from the Umayyads to the Abbasids, who had built a broad base of support across diverse groups—Persian and other non-Arab Muslims, as well as Shi’a factions—that were dissatisfied with Umayyad rule and its Arab-centric policies. The Abbasids first consolidated control in the eastern provinces, then established a new capital in Iraq, reshaping the Islamic world’s center of power and starting a new era often associated with a flowering of culture and learning. The other options represent later or separate polities (the Fatimids in North Africa, the Ayyubids in the 12th century) or a continuation of a different branch in Iberia, not the immediate successor in 750.