(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms

• A. Mongols
• B. Seljuk Turks
• C. Sufis
• D. Chinggis Khan

Answer: (D)

The name to recognize is the one who lived from 1162 to 1227 and led the Mongols to conquer vast territories, including the Persian-speaking lands held by Turkish-influenced rulers. That ruler is Chinggis Khan. He united the Mongol tribes and then pushed west into the Khwarezmian Empire in Persia, a Turko-Persian realm, bringing those Turkish-Persian polities under Mongol control. That campaign is precisely why this figure is associated with defeating Turkish-Persian kingdoms and expanding the Mongol Empire across Eurasia. The other options describe a people (the Mongols), a dynasty (the Seljuk Turks), or a religious group (Sufis), none of which fit as the individual who achieved these specific conquests.